Part A Nitro compounds
15A.1 Nomenclature of nitro compounds
15.2 Preparation of nitro compounds
15.3 Physical properties of nitro compounds
15.4 Chemical properties of nitro compounds
15.5 Uses of nitro compounds
15.6 Distinction between nitroalkanes and alkyl nitrites
15.7 Some commercially important compounds
Conceptual Questions with Answers: 6
Revision Exercises: Very Short Answer questions 20
Short Answer Questions : 30
Long Answer Questions : 8
Competition File
Typical questions
Conversions: 2
Numerical Problems
Objective Questions: Multiple choice 15
Fill in the blanks: 5
True or False: 5
Part B Amines
15B.1 Nomenclature of amines
15.2 Isomerism in amines
15B.3 Preparation of amines
15B.4 Industrial Preparation of amines
15B.5 Physical properties of amines
15B.5B Chemical properties of amines
15B.6 Distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines
15B.7 Separation of mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines
15B.8 Some commercially important compounds
15B.9 Distinction between pairs of compounds
Conceptual Questions with Answers: 16
Revision Exercises
Very Short Answer questions: 30
Short Answer Questions: 48
Long Answer Questions : 25
Competition File
Typical questions
I. Conservsions: 3
II. Questions based on structure 3
III. Complete the reactions 2
IV. Other questions 13
Numerical Problems
Objective Questions: Multiple choice 40
Fill in the blanks: 10
True or False: 10
Part C. Cyanides and Isocyanides & Diazonium salts
Cyanides and Isocyanides
15C.1 Nomenclature of Cyanides and Isocyanides
15.2 Preparation of Cyanides and Isocyanides
15.3 Physical properties of Cyanides and Isocyanides
15.4 Chemical properties of Cyanides and Isocyanides
15.5 Uses of Cyanides and Isocyanides
15.6 Distinction between cyanide and ethyl isocyanide
Practice Problems 15C.1 to 15C.4
Diazonium salts
15.7 Nomenclature Diazonium salts
15.8 Preparation of Diazonium salts
15.9 Physical properties of Diazonium salts
15.10 Chemical properties of Diazonium salts
15.11 Importance of Benzene Diazonium salts in synthetic organic chemistry
Conceptual Questions with Answers: 4
Additional Numerical Problems for Practice:
Revision Exercises
Very Short Answer questions : 20
Short Answer Questions : 28
Long Answer Questions 5
Competition File
Typical questions
I. Conservsions: 1
II. Questions based on structure 2
Objective Questions: Multiple choice 10
Fill in the blanks: 5
True or False: 5
Study Plan
Part A Nitro compounds
Day 1
15A.1 Nomenclature of nitro compounds
15.2 Preparation of nitro compounds
15.3 Physical properties of nitro compounds
Practice problems 15A.1 to 15A.4
Day 2
15.4 Chemical properties of nitro compounds
15.5 Uses of nitro compounds
15.6 Distinction between nitroalkanes and alkyl nitrites
Day 3
15.7 Some commercially important compounds
Conceptual Questions with Answers: 6
Revision Exercises: Very Short Answer questions 20
Day 4
Short Answer Questions : 30
Day 5
Competition File
Typical questions
Conversions: 2
Numerical Problems
Objective Questions: Multiple choice 15
Fill in the blanks: 5
True or False: 5
Day 6
Part B Amines
15B.1 Nomenclature of amines
15.2 Isomerism in amines
15B.1 to 15B.3
Day 7
15B.3 Preparation of amines
15B.4 Industrial Preparation of amines
15B.5 Physical properties of amines
Day 8
15B.5B Chemical properties of amines
Day 9
15B.6 Distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines
15B.7 Separation of mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines
15B.8 Some commercially important compounds
15B.9 Distinction between pairs of compounds
Day 10
Conceptual Questions with Answers: 16
Revision Exercises: Very Short Answer questions: 30
Day 11
Part C. Cyanides and Isocyanides & Diazonium salts
Cyanides and Isocyanides
15C.1 Nomenclature of Cyanides and Isocyanides
15.2 Preparation of Cyanides and Isocyanides
15.3 Physical properties of Cyanides and Isocyanides
Day 12
15.4 Chemical properties of Cyanides and Isocyanides
15.5 Uses of Cyanides and Isocyanides
15.6 Distinction between cyanide and ethyl isocyanide
Practice Problems 15C.1 to 15C.4
Day 13
Diazonium salts
15.7 Nomenclature Diazonium salts
15.8 Preparation of Diazonium salts
15.9 Physical properties of Diazonium salts
15.10 Chemical properties of Diazonium salts
15.11 Importance of Benzene Diazonium salts in synthetic organic chemistry
Day 14
Conceptual Questions with Answers: 4
Revision Exercises: Very Short Answer questions : 20
Day 15
15B (Amines): Short Answer Questions: 48
Revision Peirod
Day 16
15B (Amines): Competition File
Typical questions
I. Conservsions: 3
II. Questions based on structure 3
Day 17
15B (Amines): Competition File
Typical questions
III. Complete the reactions 2
IV. Other questions 13
Day 18
Objective Questions: Multiple choice 1 to 20
Day 19
Objective Questions: Multiple choice 21 to 40
Day 20
Fill in the blanks: 10
True or False: 10
Day 21
15c (Diazonium salts): Conceptual Questions with Answers: 4
Concept revision
Day 21
15c (Diazonium salts): Revision Exercises: Very Short Answer questions : 20
Day 22
15c (Diazonium salts): Revision Exercises: Short Answer Questions : 28
Day 23
Competition File
Typical questions
I. Conservsions: 1
II. Questions based on structure 2
Day 24
Objective Questions: Multiple choice 10
Fill in the blanks: 5
True or False: 5
Sunday, November 22, 2009
IIT JEE Revision - Ch.27 Aldehydes and Ketones - Core Points
Aldehydes and Ketones:
Preparation, Physical properties and chemical properties
oxidation,
reduction,
oxime and
hydrazone formation;
aldol condensation,
Perkin reaction;
Cannizzaro reaction;
haloform reaction and
nucleophilic addition reactions (Grignard addition);
--------
Aldehydes contain carbonyl group C=O as functional group and the carbonyl atom carries at least one H atom.
Ketones
In ketones, also carbonyl group C=O is the functional group. But the carbonyl carbon does not contain any H atoms, but it is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.
Getting an aldehyde from methylbenzene - by oxidation
Getting ketone from alcohols - By oxidation of secondary alcohols
Aldehydes and ketones are polar molecules because the C=O bond has a
dipole moment:
• Their polarity makes aldehydes and ketones have higher boiling points than
alkenes of similar molecular weight.
Oxidation
Carbonyl groups in aldehydes and ketones may be oxidized to form
compounds at the next “oxidation level”, that of carboxylic acids
Addition Using Grignard Reagents• Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols may be formed in the reactions of
aldehydes or ketones with Grignard reagents.
Preparation, Physical properties and chemical properties
oxidation,
reduction,
oxime and
hydrazone formation;
aldol condensation,
Perkin reaction;
Cannizzaro reaction;
haloform reaction and
nucleophilic addition reactions (Grignard addition);
--------
Aldehydes contain carbonyl group C=O as functional group and the carbonyl atom carries at least one H atom.
Ketones
In ketones, also carbonyl group C=O is the functional group. But the carbonyl carbon does not contain any H atoms, but it is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.
Getting an aldehyde from methylbenzene - by oxidation
Getting ketone from alcohols - By oxidation of secondary alcohols
Aldehydes and ketones are polar molecules because the C=O bond has a
dipole moment:
• Their polarity makes aldehydes and ketones have higher boiling points than
alkenes of similar molecular weight.
Oxidation
Carbonyl groups in aldehydes and ketones may be oxidized to form
compounds at the next “oxidation level”, that of carboxylic acids
Addition Using Grignard Reagents• Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols may be formed in the reactions of
aldehydes or ketones with Grignard reagents.
Aldehydes and Ketones- Study Guide - IIT JEE Preparation, properties and reactions
Characteristic reactions of
oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation; aldol condensation, Perkin reaction; Cannizzaro reaction; haloform reaction and nucleophilic addition reactions (Grignard addition);
NCERT Text Book for Class XII Part II, Chapter 12
12.1 Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
12.2 Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
12.3 Physical properties
12.4 Chemical Reactions
12.4.1 Nucleophilic addition reactions
12.4.2 Reduction
12.4.3 Oxidation
12.4.4 Reactions due to α-hydrogen
Aldol condensation
12.4.5 Other reactions
12.4.5(i) Cannizzaro reaction
12.4.5(ii) electrophilic substitution reaction
12.5 Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones
oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation; aldol condensation, Perkin reaction; Cannizzaro reaction; haloform reaction and nucleophilic addition reactions (Grignard addition);
NCERT Text Book for Class XII Part II, Chapter 12
12.1 Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
12.2 Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
12.3 Physical properties
12.4 Chemical Reactions
12.4.1 Nucleophilic addition reactions
12.4.2 Reduction
12.4.3 Oxidation
12.4.4 Reactions due to α-hydrogen
Aldol condensation
12.4.5 Other reactions
12.4.5(i) Cannizzaro reaction
12.4.5(ii) electrophilic substitution reaction
12.5 Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones
JEE - Study Guide - 13. Organic Compounds with functional Groups Containing Oxygen - I (Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers)
Sections in Chapters 13A and 13B
Part A: Alcohols and phenols
13A.1 Alcohols
13.2 Nomenclature of Alcohols
13.3 Isomerism in Alcohols
Practice problems 13A. 1 to 13A.5
13.4 General methods of preparation of Alcohols
13.5 Industrial preparation of Alcohols
13.6 Physical properties of Alcohols
13.7 Chemical properties of Alcohols
13.8 Distinction between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols
13.9 Interconversions of alcohols
P.P. 13A.6 to 13A.13
Phenols
13.10 Phenols
13.11 Nomenclature of Phenols
13.12 General methods of preparation of Phenols
13.13 Physical properties of Phenols
13.14 Chemical properties of Phenols
13.15 Distinction between alcohols and phenols
P.P. 13A.14 to 13A.22
13.16 Some commercially important alcohols
13.17
13.18
13.19
Conceptual Questions with Answers: 15
Additional Numerical Problems for Practice:
Revision Exercises
Very Short Answer questions: 25
Short Answer Questions: 52
Long Answer Questions : 17
Competition File: typical questions: 30 (2 days)
Objective Questions: Multiple choice: 50
Fill in the blanks: 10
True or False: 10
Part B Ethers
13B.1 Nomenclature of Ethers
P.P. 13B.1 to 13B.3
13.2 Isomerism in Ethers
13.3 General methods of preparation of Ethers
P.P. 13B.4 to 13B.6
13.4 Physical properties of Ethers
13.5 Chemical properties of Ethers
13.6 Some commercially important compounds
Conceptual Questions with Answers: 10
Additional Numerical Problems for Practice:
Revision Exercises
Very Short Answer questions: 15
Short Answer Questions : 18
Competition File
Cyclic ethers
Typical questions: 8
Objective Questions: Multiple choice: 15
True or False: 10
Study Plan
Day 1
Part A: Alcohols and phenols
13A.1 Alcohols
13.2 Nomenclature of Alcohols
13.3 Isomerism in Alcohols
Practice problems 13A. 1 to 13A.5
Day 2
13.4 General methods of preparation of Alcohols
13.5 Industrial preparation of Alcohols
Day 3
13.6 Physical properties of Alcohols
13.7 Chemical properties of Alcohols
13.8 Distinction between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols
13.9 Interconversions of alcohols
Day 4
P.P. 13A.6 to 13A.13
Phenols
13.10 Phenols
13.11 Nomenclature of Phenols
Day 5
13.12 General methods of preparation of Phenols
13.13 Physical properties of Phenols
13.14 Chemical properties of Phenols
Day 6
13.15 Distinction between alcohols and phenols
P.P. 13A.14 to 13A.22
Day 7
13.16 Some commercially important alcohols
Day 8
Conceptual Questions with Answers: 15
Revision Exercises: Very Short Answer questions: 25
Day 9
Short Answer Questions: 1 to 26
Day 10
Short Answer Questions: 27 to 52
Day 11
Part B Ethers
13B.1 Nomenclature of Ethers
P.P. 13B.1 to 13B.3
13.2 Isomerism in Ethers
Day 12
13.3 General methods of preparation of Ethers
P.P. 13B.4 to 13B.6
13.4 Physical properties of Ethers
Day 13
13.5 Chemical properties of Ethers
Day 14
13.6 Some commercially important compounds
Conceptual Questions with Answers (Ether): 10
Day 15
13A
Competition File: typical questions: I concersions and II Reaction
Revision period
Day 16
Competition File: typical questions:III Questions based on structure
Day 17
Competition File: typical questions: IV Other questions 1 to 11
Day 18
Competition File: typical questions: IV Other questions 11 to 22
Day 19
Objective Questions: Multiple choice: 1 to 25
Day 20
Objective Questions: Multiple choice: 26 to 50
Day 21
Fill in the blanks: 10
True or False: 10
Day 22
13B
13B (Ethers) Revision Exercises: Very Short Answer questions: 15
Day 23
13B (Ethers) Revision Exercises: Short Answer Questions : 18
Day 24
Competition File: Cyclic ethers
Day 25
Typical questions: 8
Day 26
Objective Questions: Multiple choice: 15
Day 27
True or False: 10
Part A: Alcohols and phenols
13A.1 Alcohols
13.2 Nomenclature of Alcohols
13.3 Isomerism in Alcohols
Practice problems 13A. 1 to 13A.5
13.4 General methods of preparation of Alcohols
13.5 Industrial preparation of Alcohols
13.6 Physical properties of Alcohols
13.7 Chemical properties of Alcohols
13.8 Distinction between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols
13.9 Interconversions of alcohols
P.P. 13A.6 to 13A.13
Phenols
13.10 Phenols
13.11 Nomenclature of Phenols
13.12 General methods of preparation of Phenols
13.13 Physical properties of Phenols
13.14 Chemical properties of Phenols
13.15 Distinction between alcohols and phenols
P.P. 13A.14 to 13A.22
13.16 Some commercially important alcohols
13.17
13.18
13.19
Conceptual Questions with Answers: 15
Additional Numerical Problems for Practice:
Revision Exercises
Very Short Answer questions: 25
Short Answer Questions: 52
Long Answer Questions : 17
Competition File: typical questions: 30 (2 days)
Objective Questions: Multiple choice: 50
Fill in the blanks: 10
True or False: 10
Part B Ethers
13B.1 Nomenclature of Ethers
P.P. 13B.1 to 13B.3
13.2 Isomerism in Ethers
13.3 General methods of preparation of Ethers
P.P. 13B.4 to 13B.6
13.4 Physical properties of Ethers
13.5 Chemical properties of Ethers
13.6 Some commercially important compounds
Conceptual Questions with Answers: 10
Additional Numerical Problems for Practice:
Revision Exercises
Very Short Answer questions: 15
Short Answer Questions : 18
Competition File
Cyclic ethers
Typical questions: 8
Objective Questions: Multiple choice: 15
True or False: 10
Study Plan
Day 1
Part A: Alcohols and phenols
13A.1 Alcohols
13.2 Nomenclature of Alcohols
13.3 Isomerism in Alcohols
Practice problems 13A. 1 to 13A.5
Day 2
13.4 General methods of preparation of Alcohols
13.5 Industrial preparation of Alcohols
Day 3
13.6 Physical properties of Alcohols
13.7 Chemical properties of Alcohols
13.8 Distinction between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols
13.9 Interconversions of alcohols
Day 4
P.P. 13A.6 to 13A.13
Phenols
13.10 Phenols
13.11 Nomenclature of Phenols
Day 5
13.12 General methods of preparation of Phenols
13.13 Physical properties of Phenols
13.14 Chemical properties of Phenols
Day 6
13.15 Distinction between alcohols and phenols
P.P. 13A.14 to 13A.22
Day 7
13.16 Some commercially important alcohols
Day 8
Conceptual Questions with Answers: 15
Revision Exercises: Very Short Answer questions: 25
Day 9
Short Answer Questions: 1 to 26
Day 10
Short Answer Questions: 27 to 52
Day 11
Part B Ethers
13B.1 Nomenclature of Ethers
P.P. 13B.1 to 13B.3
13.2 Isomerism in Ethers
Day 12
13.3 General methods of preparation of Ethers
P.P. 13B.4 to 13B.6
13.4 Physical properties of Ethers
Day 13
13.5 Chemical properties of Ethers
Day 14
13.6 Some commercially important compounds
Conceptual Questions with Answers (Ether): 10
Day 15
13A
Competition File: typical questions: I concersions and II Reaction
Revision period
Day 16
Competition File: typical questions:III Questions based on structure
Day 17
Competition File: typical questions: IV Other questions 1 to 11
Day 18
Competition File: typical questions: IV Other questions 11 to 22
Day 19
Objective Questions: Multiple choice: 1 to 25
Day 20
Objective Questions: Multiple choice: 26 to 50
Day 21
Fill in the blanks: 10
True or False: 10
Day 22
13B
13B (Ethers) Revision Exercises: Very Short Answer questions: 15
Day 23
13B (Ethers) Revision Exercises: Short Answer Questions : 18
Day 24
Competition File: Cyclic ethers
Day 25
Typical questions: 8
Day 26
Objective Questions: Multiple choice: 15
Day 27
True or False: 10
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